Pediatric Blood & Bone Marrow Conditions We Treat

The Cancer and Blood Disorders Institute at Nicklaus Children's Hospital provides state-of-the-art medical and surgical care to more pediatric cancer patients than any other facility in South Florida.

We are recognized for a multidisciplinary, holistic approach to care that places the child and family at the center of a highly coordinated network of specialists who work together to anticipate and meet the needs of the child and family throughout their treatment and follow-up care. When children enter the Institute, they benefit from knowing that an entire team of pediatric specialists is putting their needs and the needs of their family first.

We have a comprehensive array of sub-specialists, programs and clinics covering the following conditions:

Adamantinoma

An Adamantinoma is a rare slow growing type of cancerous bone tumor that occurs most often in boys and young men, most frequently found in the shin bone, and jaw bone. Learn more

Alpha Thalassemia

Alpha thalassemia is an abnormality in the production of alpha chains which causes the red cells to more easily breakdown. Learn more

Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma

ASPS is a very rare cancer that grows slowly from the connective tissue that usually occurs in children and young adults. Learn more

Anemia

Anemia is a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells provide oxygen to body tissues. Learn more

Aneurysmal Bone Cyst

When a blood-filled growth occurs in the bones of the arms, legs, skull, trunk or spine, then it might be an aneurysmal bone cyst. Learn more

Angiofibroma

An angiofibroma is a rare benign tumor that occurs most frequently in young boys/adolescents, and grows in the nasal cavity. Learn more

Aplastic Anemia (AA)

When the bone marrow doesn’t produce enough blood cells, this condition is known as aplastic anemia. Learn more

Astrocytoma

An Astrocytoma is a form of brain tumor that develops in the cells that form the supportive tissue of the brain. Learn more

Benign and malignant head and neck tumors

Head and neck growths, tumors or masses in children are usually non-cancerous, but can spread to other parts of the body. Learn more

Beta Thalassemia

Beta thalassemia impacts two different types of genes. When these genes are damaged or missing, it can cause beta thalassemia. Learn more

Bone Tumors and Cysts

Bone tumors and cysts are abnormal growths that can occur in the bones. Learn more

Cardiac Tumor

If an abnormal tissue grows in the heart it is known as a primary cardiac tumor. Learn more

Chondroblastoma

Chondroblastoma is a rare type of cartilage-producing benign tumor in children that often occurs in the ends of the long bones of the arms and legs. Learn more

Chondromas

A tumor that forms on or in the bones might be an chondroma. Learn more

Chondromyxoid Fibroma

Chondromyxoid fibroma is a benign tumor, which means it doesn’t lead to cancer. The tumor is made from cartilage and occurs near the ends of bones. Learn more

Chondrosarcoma

Chondrosarcoma is a form of cancer that can develop in the bones and soft tissues of the body, usually in people over 20 years of age. Mostly they begin in the cells in the joints that produce cartilage. Learn more

Chronic Granulomatous Disease

CGD is the disorder that develops when phagocytes (one of the body's blood cells) doen't function properly. Learn more

Congenital Anemia

Congenital anemia, including Fanconi anemia, is a group of inherited diseases that affect the bone marrow, decreasing production of all types of blood cells.

Desmoid Tumor

A desmoid tumor is an ucommon tumor that frequently arises in muscles, it can also come from tissues, tendons, and ligaments. Learn more

Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

Thyroid cancer is cancer that impacts the thyroid gland, a butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck. The most common types of thyroid cancers are known as differentiated thyroid cancers. Learn more

Dyskeratosis congenita

Dyskeratosis congenita is a rare form of bone marrow failure, with associated skin/nail abnormalities, and thickened white patches in the mouth. Learn more

Enchondroma

Enchondromas are usually non-cancerous cartilage tumors that are found in the marrow of a bone. Learn more

Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is a rare vascular tumor of young adults that starts in the cells lining the blood vessels of soft-tissue, bone and body organs- commonly the liver, lungs and bone. Learn more

Ewing sarcoma

Ewing sarcoma is a rare type of cancer that usually develops in the bones or soft tissue around the bones (cartilage/nerves) of children 10-20 years of age. Learn more

Fanconi Anemia

Fanconi anemia is a rare inherited disorder that involves a wide spectrum of abnormalities involving bone, ears, kidneys, other physical abnormalities. Some of the patients may develop bone marrow failure or leukemia. Learn more

Fibrosarcoma

Fibrosarcoma is a rare form of soft tissue cancer that occurs in infants and children 10-15 years of age, that starts in the fibrous tissue of the body but most commonly in the tendons at the ends of the limbs. Learn more

Germinoma of the Central Nervous system

A germinoma is a rare form of cancer that is most often found in the brain of children between the ages of 10 and 19 years. Learn more

Giant Cell Tumor

A giant cell tumor is a non-cancerous tumor (benign) that grows at the ends of the body’s long bones. Learn more

Glioblastoma Multiforme

Glioblastoma multiforme are high-grade 1V, aggressively growing, cancerous glial tumors which infiltrate into healthy adjacent brain tissue, frequently occurring in both boys and girls aged 5-10 years. Learn more

Glioma

Glioma is a form of cancer that develops from glial cells of the brain - those cells which support and nourish the neurons. Learn more

Hemangiopericytoma

A hemangiopericytoma is a very rare soft tissue mass due to overgrowth of capillaries that is almost always benign. Learn more

Hemoglobin E

Hemoglobin is the protein in the blood that carries oxygen from the lungs throughout the body. One abnormal form of hemoglobin is known as hemoglobin E. Learn more

Hemolytic Anemia

Anemia is a disorder in which the body doesn’t have enough red blood cells. Hemolysis is a method whereby red blood cells are broken down and destroyed. Learn more

Hemolytic Disease

Hemolytic disease of the newborn is a condition that occurs when a mother’s blood type is not compatible with her unborn fetus. Learn more

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis

The disease is an extreme example of immune system dysfunction, where the body’s own immune system begins to attack important tissues and organs such as the brain, liver and bone marrow. Learn more

Hemophilia

Hemophilia is a medical condition in which children bleed longer than normal because their blood doesn't clot properly due to a lack of the proteins known as clotting factors. Learn more

Hepatoblastoma

A hepatoblastoma is a rare tumor that grows from the cells of the liver. Learn more

Hgb C Disease

Hemoglobin C can cause red blood cells to break down earlier than normal, which leads to anemia. Learn more

Hgb E Disease

Hgb E disease is a mild disorder, and people who have it may have no symptoms or mild anemia. Learn more

Hgb H Disease

Hemoglobin H disease is a form of alpha thalassemia, a medical condition in which the body makes less hemoglobin than usual. Learn more

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)

The name of the disease can be translated to purple low platelet count of unknown cause. Learn more

Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Immune deficiency syndrome refers to a broad range of medical disorders that prevent your body from protecting itself from illnesses such as viruses and bacteria. There are a number of different types of congenital and acquired immune deficiency syndromes that can impact the body in a variety of ways. Learn more

Inborn Errors of Metabolism

When a baby has trouble digesting certain foods and turning them into energy, it could be due to inborn errors of metabolism. Learn more

Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome

Juvenile polyposis syndrome is a disease that is known for causing polyps different areas of the gastrointestinal tract, most commonly the colon. Polyps are clusters of cells that form on the lining of the GI tract. Learn more

Kostmann’s Syndrome

Kostmann's syndrome is a disease of the bone marrow where children are born without a type of white blood cell which are normally used to fight infection. Learn more

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease of children in which a certain immature normal white blood type grows uncontrollably. Learn more

Leiomyosarcoma

Leiomyosarcoma is a very rare type of soft tissue cancer that affects the smooth muscles of the body. Learn more

Leukemia

There are several types of Leukemia. Some of the most common types are AML and ALL. A rare form of leukemia known as CLL can also affect children.

Liposarcoma

Liposarcoma is a cancer of fat cells. It can occur anywhere in the body, but is commonly found in the abdomen, thigh or shoulder area. Learn more

Liver Tumors

Liver tumors are abnormal growths within the liver that can be either benign or cancerous. Learn more

Lymphomas

Lymphomas are a type of cancer involving lymphocytes, which are cells within the immune system that help the body fight off infections. Learn more

Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma is a rare form of cancer in children known as a soft tissue sarcoma. These are tumors that affect muscle, bone or cartilage, or tissues that support/connect other organs. Learn more

Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor

A malignant rhabdoid tumor is a rare fast growing childhood cancer that commonly occurs in infants and young children. Learn more

Medullary Thyroid Cancer

MTC is a form of cancer that originates in a particular cell in the thyroid gland that secretes a hormone which plays an important role regulating calcium levels in the body. Learn more

Medulloblastoma

Of cancerous brain tumors that can affect children, medulloblastoma is the most common. They represent about 20 percent if childhood brain tumors, particularly in children between the ages of 3 and 8 years, with boys affected more than girls. Learn more

Megaloblastic Anemia

Megaloblastic anemia is a type of anemia where the bone marrow produces fewer and abnormally large, oval shaped red blood cells, with underdeveloped inside contents. Learn more

Melanoma

Melanocytes are the cells in the body’s skin that produce melanin. Melanin is the pigment that gives skin its color. When cancer develops in the melanocytes, it is known as melanoma. Learn more

Metabolic Storage Diseases

Metabolic storage diseases are a fairly large group of rare genetic inherited disorders in which specific enzymes of a child's cell are insufficient. Enzymes help break down certain materials within the cell for proper cell function. Learn more

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 and 2

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 is a disease that affects several glands throughout the body, including the thyroid, parathyroid and pituitary gland. It causes tumors in these glands and also imbalances in the hormones that the glands produce. The pancreas and small intestine are also impacted by the disease. Learn more

Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is referred to a group of different types of cancer. But they all impact the bone marrow and prevent it from developing mature, healthy blood cells. Learn more

Neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma is a form of cancer that primarily affects children. Among infants, it ranks as the most common form of cancer. It usually occurs in the adrenal glands above the kidneys, but can also start anyway along the nerves in the back. Learn more

Neurofibrosarcoma

Neurofibrosarcoma is a rare type of malignant cancer in children that develops in the cells of the sheath of the arms and legs, spreading along the nerves. Learn more

Non-Ossifying Fibroma

A Non-Ossifying Fibroma (NOF) is a common, benign fibrous tissue (like a scar) tumor in boys and girls that is usually found in the thigh (femur) or shin (tibia) bones (but can occur in other bones). Learn more

Ocular Tumors

Ocular tumors are any type of tumor that impacts the eyeball or the surrounding area. They can be benign or malignant. Learn more

Odontogenic Tumors

Odontogenic tumor is the medical term for a growth or cyst that affects the jaw. Learn more

Osteochondroma

An osteochondroma is a common non-cancerous tumor of bone that typically grows near the growth plate, the area of cartilage near the ends of the long bones. Learn more

Osteopetrosis

Osteopetrosis keeps building up bone without the ability to remove the excess. Therefore people with the condition have bones that are very dense and more likely to fracture than normal bones. Learn more

Osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma is a very common type of bone cancer that affects older children and adolescents. It usually starts in the areas of long bones that are still growing, like at the ends of the thigh, shin or upper arm. Learn more

Palatal Tumors

The palate is another word for the roof of the mouth. When abnormal growths of cells known as tumors impact the palate, these are commonly known as palatal tumors. Learn more

Pheochromocytomas

A pheochromocytoma is a rare type of non-cancerous tumor in children that arises in the adrenal gland, which are organs that lie just above the kidneys that secretes a group of chemicals, or hormones, that are part of the body’s response to danger known as “flight or fight” response (e.g. they regulate heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, pupil size, change blood flow from skin to muscles among other functions.. Learn more

Platelet Function Disorders

A blood disorder in which a child has less than the normal number of platelets, or a normal number of platelets than don't function properly. Learn more

Polycythemia

Polycythemia is a rare and serious blood disease that causes the bone marrow to produce too many red blood cells to circulate in the blood stream. Learn more

Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors (PNET)

Primitive neuroectodermal tumors are a group of cancers that start in nerve cells formed in the fetus during early development that haven't developed the way they should have. Learn more

Rare Bleeding Disorders

Rare bleeding disorders refer to many uncommon types of medical conditions that impact the body’s ability to stop bleeding, or clot blood properly. Learn more

Red Blood Cell Disorders

Red blood cells are the component of blood that carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body. There are a large number of hereditary and acquired disorders that affect the production, number, shape, hemoglobin content and friability of red blood cells. Learn more

Rhabdoid Tumor Predisposition Syndrome

Rhabdoid tumors are abnormal growths that frequently affect the brain, kidneys or spinal cord, among other parts of the body. Learn more

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Rhabdomyosarcoma is a type of soft tissue cancer that can affect any of the skeletal muscles, or voluntary muscles, of the body occurring in boys more often than girls. Learn more

Sacrococcygeal Teratoma

A sacrococcygeal teratoma is a tumor containing a number of different tissues (fat, bone, nerves etc.) that is present at birth in the tailbone of the newborn baby. Learn more

Sarcomas

Sarcomas are rare kinds of cancers that affect the body’s soft tissues. They are given different names depending on the type of cell or tissue involved including muscles, tendons, bone, fat, etc. Learn more

Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome

Shwachman-Diamond syndrome is a rare complex disorder that affects a child's bone marrow, pancreas, bones, and sometimes other parts of the body. Learn more

Sickle Cell Disease

Sickle cell disease is a group of familial red blood cell disorders. Sickle cell disease causes the red blood cells to be oddly shaped, and have difficulty flowing through the blood vessels properly which causes them to break up easily resulting in anemia and damage to the organs. Learn more

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a very rare cancer in children, which, when present, results from skin cells growing without restraint. Learn more

Spinal Cord Tumors

A tumor that grows in the tissues around, or spreads from a different site to the spinal cord region, it is known as a spinal cord tumor. Learn more

Synovial Chondromatosis

The synovial membrane is a thin layer of tissue that lines the part of a joint that acts as a shock absorber between joints of bones. When the synovium thickens and fragments break off, the pieces may grow, calcify (become bone-like nodules) and become loose in the joint. This is synovial chondromatosis. Usually this process is benign (non-cancerous), however rarely, SOC may be become malignant. Learn more

Synovial sarcoma

Synovial sarcomas are a rare form of slow growing soft tissue cancer that commonly forms around the joints in the arms or legs in adolescent or young adults. Learn more

Teratoma

A teratoma is a fairly common congenital type of solid tumor that contains normal looking tissues like hair, teeth and bone (and very rarely whole organs). Learn more

Testicular Tumors

Testicular tumors are growths on the testicle. They occur in infant boys, or after boys enter puberty. Learn more

Thalassemia

Thalassemia is a blood disorder in which the body produces hemoglobin that doesn’t function properly. Learn more

Thrombocytopenia

Thrombocytopenia is the condition where there is a low platelet count and this results in bleeding because the blood doesn't clot properly. Learn more

Thrombocytopenia-Absent Radius Syndrome

TAR syndrome is a rare disorder present at birth that is characterized by the absence of a bone called the radius in both forearms, as well as thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) and short stature. Learn more

Thrombophilia

Thrombophilia is an abnormality of the normal blood clotting mechanisms. This increases the chance of blood vessels clotting anywhere in the body. Learn more

Thyroid Disorders

Please see Thyroid Nodules for further information.

Thyroid Nodules

A thyroid nodule or lump is a fairly rare unusual firm growth of cells that occur within the thyroid gland. While thyroid nodules are frequently non-cancerous in children. Learn more

Vascular Anomalies

Vascular anomalies is a broad term that refers to blood vessels or lymphatic vessels that grow or form in unusual way. Many birthmarks are due to vascular anomalies, but they can occur for other reasons, as well. Learn more

Venous Malformation

​Venous malformations are benign birthmarks due to malformed and stretched out veins. Learn more

Vitamin K deficiency bleeding

When there is a lack of Vitamin k blood doesn't clot and bleeding results. Learn more

White Blood Cell Disorders

White blood cells (also called leukocytes) are the cells in your blood that help your body fight off infection. Learn more

Wilms’ Tumor

Wilm's tumor is a rare type of cancer that starts in the kidney and occurs most often in children ages 3 or 4. Learn more

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects the immune system and the blood coagulation system. Learn more