Blood Flow Restriction

Also known as: BFR

What is Blood Flow Restriction Training?

Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) training is a rehabilitation technique commonly used in sports and orthopedic settings to improve muscle strength and size. It involves applying a cuff or band to the upper or lower limbs to restrict venous blood flow while partially limiting arterial inflow. A hormonal response is activated, leading to increased muscle protein synthesis and tissue repair. This method allows patients who are unable to lift heavy weights to achieve muscle growth and strength using low-load exercises—ideal for those recovering from orthopedic injuries or surgery. Research has shown that BFR can produce results similar to high-load resistance training and may also help reduce pain. BFR is increasingly recognized as a safe and effective supplement to resistance training, including for adolescents and youth athletes.

What happens during the procedure?

A trained clinician first determines the patient’s personalized pressure level to ensure safe use. A cuff is then applied to the upper or lower limb (commonly the upper arm or thigh) while the patient is in a resting position. Once the correct pressure is established, the patient performs prescribed exercises under the supervision of a physical therapist. After completing the designated number of repetitions and sets, the cuff is deflated.

Is any special preparation needed?

Although BFR is generally safe for youth and adolescents, it's essential to inform your healthcare provider of any relevant medical history. This helps determine if BFR is appropriate for you. No other special preparation is required.

What are the risk factors?

The most common side effects include muscle discomfort, fatigue, itching, or delayed onset of muscle soreness. Although rare, dizziness, numbness, deep vein thrombosis, or rhabdomyolysis can occur. These risks are significantly minimized under the guidance of a trained clinician, when personalized occlusion pressures are calculated, and appropriately sized cuffs are used.

This page was last updated on: July 22, 2025 01:08 PM